Cytochromes - Cytochomes P450 - ERG11 gene - Non-Elaborate Posts - Post 1

 

 The ERG11 gene is found in fungi (including yeasts like Saccharomyces and Candida) and encodes the enzyme lanosterol 14α-demethylase (also called CYP51). This enzyme is a membrane-bound cytochrome P450 in the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes the removal of a methyl group at the C-14 position of lanosterol (and related sterols). This demethylation step is essential in the late stages of the ergosterol biosynthesis. Erg11p performs a three-step oxidative C14-demethylation of lanosterol (and eburicol), yielding precursors that are further processed into ergosterol.

 

Mutant Erg11 enzymes may work more slowly or incompletely, causing accumulation of abnormal sterols, and thus for example, clinical studies found that ERG11 point mutations in Candida isolates were accompanied by altered sterol profiles, indicating that the mutated Erg11p could no longer produce ergosterol normally.  Because ergosterol is crucial for membrane fluidity and integrity, fungi carefully regulate ERG11 expression (e.g. by oxygen and heme levels) to ensure adequate Erg11p levels.

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